Prosecutors say the one Ukrainian and three Russian defendants, who are all at large, helped supply a missile system that Russian-backed separatists used to fire a rocket at the plane on July 17, 2014.
All 298 people on board, including 38 Australians and 193 Dutch travellers, were killed.
Lawyers for Oleg Pulatov, the only defendant who has chosen to take part in the proceedings through counsel, have argued that the trial was unfair and prosecutors did not properly examine alternative theories about the cause of the crash or the involvement of Pulatov.
The other suspects, named as Igor Girkin, Sergey Dubinsky, and Ukrainian national Leonid Kharchenko, are being tried in absentia.
Under Dutch law Pulatov, while he is also at large, is not considered to be tried in absentia because he is represented through lawyers he has instructed.
The men were charged in June 2019 and the trial began in March 2020.
The Boeing 777 was flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur when it was hit over Ukraine's rebel-held Donetsk region by what international investigators say was a Russian-made surface-to-air missile.
The eastern region has also become a key focus of Russia's nearly six-month-old war in Ukraine.
The Dutch government holds Russia responsible for the crash. Authorities in Moscow deny any involvement.
The MH17 case has seriously strained the Netherlands' diplomatic relations with Moscow, even before the Russian invasion of Ukraine that started on February 24.
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