Queensland's Corrective Services confirmed officers responded to a medical emergency involving the 32-year-old at Brisbane Women's Correctional Centre on Friday night.
Paramedics were called and transported the woman to the hospital.
"Support is being offered to the responding officers and their colleagues," corrective services said in a statement.
The woman was being held in custody until her next court appearance in July after being charged with murder on Monday.
Neighbours had called triple zero after seeing a young child unresponsive in the front yard of a southern Queensland home about 4.45pm.
When emergency services arrived at the Moore Park Beach residence, north of Bundaberg, they found a three-year-old girl with several wounds.
She died at the scene.
A crime scene was established at the property, where police seized a knife.
Police had said two other children, aged one and two, were also at the property at the time, but neither was injured.
Both are in the care of another family member.
Acting Superintendent Brad Inskip said at the time mental health and any prior interactions with police would likely form part of the investigation into the incident.
Supt Inskip said first responders had encountered a "horrific" scene.
"It's a terrible, terrible incident for everybody," he said on Tuesday.
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