The allegations against former Epworth surgeon Simon Gordon were referred to Victoria Police in February by former premier Jacinta Allan.
Dr Gordon, who denies the allegations levelled against him, worked at hospitals across Melbourne.
Police said on Tuesday they would not be proceeding with an investigation.
"Victoria Police has completed the assessment of the referral. Based on the information provided, we are unable to take the matter further at this time," a spokesperson told AAP.
"Any new information provided to police will be thoroughly assessed."
Allegations aired on ABC's Four Corners claimed some women underwent surgery for severe endometriosis that was not supported by their pathology results.
Ms Allan told reporters in February that any victims of unnecessary procedures deserved justice.
Dr Gordon retired from the Epworth in 2025 and surrendered his medical registration.
In August, the medical regulator confirmed Dr Gordon had been referred to the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal following an investigation.
Law firms including Arnold Thomas and Becker have fielded hundreds of complaints from Dr Gordon's former patients.
AAP has previously spoken to former patients of Dr Gordon's including Mary Spanos, who underwent surgery in 2022.
The 30-year-old said doctors had since confirmed she suffered complications from her surgery and medical records showed no endometriosis was removed.
The Victorian and federal governments launched a range of supports for endometriosis patients in response to the allegations in April.
Epworth Healthcare announced in March it had appointed an independent expert panel to review its clinical governance arrangements following concerns raised by Dr Gordon's former patients.
It referred concerns to the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency in October and was co-operating with relevant authorities, it said.
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