The official Palestinian news agency WAFA reported attacks in at least six communities on Sunday.
The Palestinian Red Crescent Society said at least three Palestinians in the village of Jalud suffered head wounds from beatings and were sent to the hospital after confronting settlers, who were also reported injured.
The rampage came a day after an 18-year-old Israeli settler was killed in a collision with a Palestinian vehicle in an area near two of the villages attacked.
Police said they are investigating the settlers' claims that the collision was deliberate.
The violence came as Israel's government also presses ahead with new settlements in the occupied West Bank.
Attacks by settlers have intensified alongside a broader surge in violence since the Iran war started.
Israel's military said it responded to Israeli civilians carrying out "arson against structures and property, as well as engaging in disturbances in the area," but did not report any arrests or indicate whether investigations were opened.
WAFA reported attacks in the villages of Silat al Dahr and Fandaqumiya, both near Jenin; in Jalud and Salfit, both south of Nablus; and in the agricultural regions Masafer Yatta and the Jordan Valley.
Homes and cars were set ablaze, Palestinians were pepper-sprayed and at least five people were wounded in the overnight assaults, which took place during the Eid al-Fitr holiday marking the end of Ramadan, the agency said.
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported that 25 Palestinians have been killed by Israeli settlers and soldiers this year as of March 15.
The Palestinian Authority has also documented a series of arson attacks, including on mosques, across the territory.
Also on Sunday, four Palestinians were killed in Israeli strikes in the Gaza Strip, hospital authorities said.
One strike hit a vehicle in the central Nuseirat refugee camp and killed three police officers, according to the Awda Hospital, which received the casualties.
Ten others were wounded, it said. Another Palestinian was killed in Gaza City, according to Shifa Hospital.
The deaths were the latest fatalities among Palestinians in the coastal enclave since an October ceasefire deal attempted to halt a more than two-year war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza.
While the heaviest fighting has subsided, the ceasefire has still seen almost daily Israeli fire.
Israeli forces have carried out repeated air strikes and frequently fire on Palestinians near military-held zones, killing more than 670 Palestinians, according to Gaza health officials.
The Israeli military did not immediately comment on Sunday's strikes, but has previously said Israel will respond to violations of the ceasefire threats to its soldiers.
