"It was perfect," he told reporters on board Air Force One en route to Tokyo on Monday.
A magnetic resonance imaging scan uses magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the inside of the body.
It can be used to monitor a range of conditions.
Trump, 79, was the oldest person to be inaugurated as US president when he retook the White House in January, and he is the second-oldest person to serve in the top job.
Earlier in October, the US president's doctor said Trump was found to be in "exceptional health" in a medical evaluation.
In July, the White House disclosed that Trump was experiencing swelling in his lower legs and bruising on his right hand, after photographs showed the president with swollen ankles and makeup covering the afflicted part of his hand.
Trump's physician, Sean Barbabella, said in a letter released by the White House at the time that tests confirmed the leg issue was due to "chronic venous insufficiency" - a benign and common condition, especially in people older than 70.
The doctor said the bruising on Trump's hand was consistent with minor soft tissue irritation from frequent hand shaking and aspirin use, which Trump takes as part of a "standard cardiovascular prevention regimen".
Since then, the White House has played down concerns about Trump's health, without detailing how the leg issue is being treated.
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