The two have been locked in hostilities after a gun massacre in April that India blames on Pakistan.
Pakistan's foreign minister said his country would consider de-escalation if India stopped further attacks.
However, Ishaq Dar warned that if India launched any strikes, "our response will follow".
Dar told Pakistan's Geo News that he also conveyed this message to US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, who contacted him after Rubio spoke to New Delhi earlier.
"We responded because our patience had reached its limit. If they stop here, we will also consider stopping," Dar said.
India said it targeted Pakistani air bases after Islamabad fired several high-speed missiles at military and civilian infrastructure in the country's Punjab state early on Saturday.
Pakistan earlier said it intercepted most missiles and that retaliatory strikes on India were under way.
Rubio spoke to his Indian counterpart S Jaishankar and emphasised that "both sides need to identify methods to de-escalate and re-establish direct communication to avoid miscalculation", State Department spokesperson Tammy Bruce said Saturday, and offered US support to aid "productive discussion".
Indian Colonel Sofiya Qureshi, at a news conference in New Delhi, said Pakistan targeted health facilities and schools at its three air bases in Indian-controlled Kashmir.
"Befitting reply has been given to Pakistani actions," she said.
Wing Commander Vyomika Singh, also present at the news conference, said India was committed to "non-escalation" provided that Pakistan reciprocated.
However, Pakistani ground forces were observed mobilising toward forward areas, she said, "indicating an offensive intent to further escalate the situation".
"Indian armed forces remain in a high state of operational readiness," she said.
Singh said Indian armed forces carried out "precision strikes only at identified military targets in response to Pakistani actions", which included technical infrastructure, command and control centres, radar sites and weapon storage areas to ensure "minimum collateral damage".
"All hostile actions have been effectively countered and responded to appropriately," Singh said.
The Pakistani military said it used medium-range Fateh missiles to target an Indian missile storage facility and air bases in the cities of Pathankot and Udhampur.
Army spokesman Lieutenant General Ahmad Sharif said Pakistan's air force assets were safe following the Indian strikes.
State-run Pakistan Television reported that Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif convened a meeting of the body that oversees the country's missile program and other strategic assets.
Tensions between the nuclear-armed rivals have soared since an attack at a popular tourist site in India-controlled Kashmir left 26 civilians dead, mostly Hindu Indian tourists, on April 22.
New Delhi has blamed Pakistan for backing the assault, an accusation Islamabad rejects.
Indian missiles targeted Nur Khan air base in the garrison city of Rawalpindi, near the capital Islamabad, Murid air base in Chakwal city and Rafiqui air base in the Jhang district of eastern Punjab province on Saturday, according to Pakistan's military spokesman.
Following the announcement of Pakistani retaliation, residents in Indian-controlled Kashmir said they heard loud explosions at multiple places in the region, including the two big cities of Srinagar and Jammu, and the garrison town of Udhampur.
Srinagar appeared calm early on Saturday, but some residents in neighbourhoods close to the city's airport, which is also an air base, said they were rattled by the explosions and booming sound of fighter jets.
India and Pakistan have traded strikes and heavy cross-border fire for days, resulting in civilian casualties on both sides.
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