Putin, addressing a meeting with Russian top military commanders on Tuesday said Ukrainian forces were retreating in all sectors of the front.
He said Kyiv was trying to strike deep into Russian territory, but it would not help it to change the situation in the more than three-and-a-half-year-old war.
"At this time, the Russian armed forces fully hold the strategic initiative," Putin told the meeting in northwestern Russia, according to a Kremlin transcript.
"This year, we have liberated nearly 5000 square kilometres of territory - 4900 - and 212 localities."
Ukrainian forces, he said, "are retreating throughout the line of combat contact, despite attempts at fierce resistance".
Russia's Defence Ministry reported the capture of two more villages along the front, which Ukraine's top commander says now extends over 1250km.
Ukrainian accounts of the situation on the front line say Kyiv's forces have made gains in the Donetsk region, particularly near the town of Dobropillia.
President Volodymyr Zelenskiy has also said Ukrainian forces have regained ground in the border Sumy region, where Russia has established a foothold.
Russian Army General Valery Gerasimov, chief of the General Staff of Russia's armed forces, told the meeting of top commanders that Russian forces were "advancing in practically all directions".
Ukrainian forces, he said, were focused on slowing the Russian advance.
Gerasimov, overall commander of Russia's war effort, said Moscow's troops were moving on the key cities of Siversk and Kostyantynivka in the main theatre of the Donetsk region.
He said they were clearing Ukrainian forces from the city of Kupiansk, under Russian attack for months in Ukraine's northeast, and were moving forward in Zaporizhzhia and Dnipropetrovsk regions further south.
They were also progressing in setting up buffer zones in Sumy and Kharkiv regions in the north.
In his remarks to the meeting, Putin said Russia's objectives remained the same as when he launched its "special military operation" in February 2022, saying it was aimed at "demilitarising and denazifying" its smaller neighbour.
