Trump said the US delegation would arrive on Monday evening, a timetable that leaves just a day for talks to make progress before a two-week ceasefire ends.
"We're offering a very fair and reasonable DEAL, and I hope they take it because, if they don't, the United States is going to knock out every single Power Plant, and every single Bridge, in Iran," he posted on social media.
However, there was no immediate confirmation from Iran that it would attend any new talks.
Iran's Tasnim news agency reported that there had been no decision taken to send a delegation while a United States blockade of Iranian ports was in place.
A White House official said the US delegation would be headed by Vice President JD Vance, who led the war's first peace talks a week ago.
Trump's envoy Steve Kushner and the president's son-in-law Jared Kushner would also attend.
Iran's chief negotiator, Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf, earlier said the two sides had made progress but were still far apart on nuclear issues and the Strait of Hormuz.
The vital shipping strait remained closed on Sunday, a day after Iranian forces fired on two vessels that tried to cross.
Iran, which has blocked off the strait to ships apart from its own since the United States and Israel attacked on February 28, had announced on Friday it would reopen it.
But it reversed that decision on Saturday after Trump declined to lift a US blockade of Iranian ports.
"Iran decided to fire bullets yesterday in the Strait of Hormuz - A Total Violation of our Ceasefire Agreement!" Trump wrote in Sunday morning's post.
"That wasn't nice, was it?"
Trump's renewed threat to hit Iran's power plants and bridges fits a pattern of such warnings throughout the war, several of which preceded moves to de-escalate.
He abruptly announced the ceasefire two weeks ago just hours after declaring that Iran's "whole civilisation will die tonight".
Iran has said that if the United States attacks its civilian infrastructure it would hit power stations and desalination plants of Gulf Arab neighbours.
Now in its eighth week, the war has created the most severe shock to global energy supplies in history, sending oil prices surging because of the de facto closure of the strait which before the war carried one-fifth of the world's oil shipments.
Two liquefied petroleum gas tankers were seen on ship-tracking websites moving eastbound towards the strait early on Sunday morning but the Tasnim news agency reported that Iran's armed forces turned them back.
Marine traffic data showed no other movements after midnight.
Two giant US C-17 cargo planes landed at Pakistan's Nur Khan air base on Sunday afternoon carrying security equipment and vehicles in preparation for the US delegation's arrival, two Pakistani security sources said.
City authorities in the capital Islamabad halted public transport and heavy goods traffic through the city.
Rolls of barbed wire were rolled out near the Serena Hotel where last week's talks were held.
The hotel told all guests on Sunday to leave.
