The Senate passed the measure by unanimous consent on Tuesday, meaning no senators objected to it. The House of Representatives passed the bill in December.
Uranium is used to power commercial nuclear reactors that produce electricity.
The legislation would ban the imports 90 days after enactment. It contains waivers in case there were supply concerns for domestic reactors.
The bill also frees up $US2.7 billion ($A4.2 billion) passed in previous legislation to build out the domestic uranium processing industry.
The US banned Russian oil imports shortly after Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022 and instituted a price cap on some exports of its crude and oil products.
US nuclear power plants imported around 12 per cent of their uranium from Russia in 2022, according to the Energy Information Administration.
"Wyoming has the uranium to replace Russian imports, and we're ready to use it," said US Senator John Barrasso, the top Republican on the Senate Energy Committee.
"Our bipartisan legislation will help defund Russia's war machine, revive American uranium production, and jumpstart investments in America's nuclear fuel supply chain.
Last week, President Joe Biden signed a foreign aid bill to provide billions of dollars of aid to Ukraine in its war against Russia.
Biden is expected to sign the uranium imports bill into law.
A spokesperson for the National Security Council had called on Congress to impose the ban in a statement on Monday.
4°C